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As Nigeria grapples with significant economic challenges, the Federal Government has proposed the establishment of a Ministry of Livestock Development. While this initiative aims to diversify the economy and enhance agricultural productivity, several critical issues must be addressed to evaluate its viability and potential effectiveness.
Current Economic Context
Nigeria’s economy has faced persistent difficulties, characterized by a heavy reliance on oil revenues, fluctuating global oil prices, and a pressing need for diversification. The agricultural sector, particularly livestock, offers substantial opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and food security. However, the implementation of a dedicated ministry for livestock development must be scrutinized in the context of existing structural and policy frameworks.
Issues and Challenges
1. Land Use Decree and State Control
The Land Use Act of 1978 vests control of land in the hands of state governments, which complicates federal initiatives that require extensive land use. The establishment of a Ministry of Livestock Development would necessitate large tracts of land for grazing reserves, ranches, and other infrastructure. Without federal control over land, securing and managing these resources could be a significant hurdle, leading to conflicts between federal and state authorities.
1. Duplication of Efforts
Currently, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development houses a Department of Livestock. The creation of a separate ministry could result in duplication of efforts, administrative overlap, and inefficiency. Streamlining existing departments and enhancing their capacity might be a more effective approach than establishing a new ministry.
1. Poultry Sector
The poultry sector is a vital component of Nigeria’s livestock industry, providing significant employment and contributing to food security. Addressing the challenges in this sector requires focused and coordinated efforts. A specialized agency under the existing Ministry of Agriculture could provide targeted support without the bureaucratic expansion of a new ministry.
1. Employment and Resource Allocation
While the proposal might create new jobs, it also risks becoming a waste of resources if not efficiently managed. The costs associated with establishing and maintaining a new ministry could outweigh the benefits, especially if existing structures are underutilized. Optimizing current departments and investing in capacity-building could yield better returns on investment.
1. True Federalism and Governance
The creation of a new ministry may negate the principles of true federalism by centralizing control over a sector that should ideally be managed at more localized levels. Encouraging state governments to develop their livestock industries, with federal support and coordination, could foster a more balanced and effective governance structure.
1. Learning from the Ministry of Niger Delta
The experience with the Ministry of Niger Delta illustrates that establishing a new ministry does not necessarily solve underlying issues. The amnesty policy under President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua had a more significant impact on stabilizing the region than the ministry itself. This highlights the importance of policy innovation and targeted interventions over bureaucratic expansion.
Alternative Approach: An Agency Model
Given the challenges outlined, an agency model within the existing Ministry of Agriculture, led by a dedicated Minister of State for Livestock Affairs, might be a more pragmatic approach. This structure can provide focused attention to the livestock sector without the overheads associated with a full-fledged ministry. An agency can streamline operations, foster innovation, and respond more flexibly to sector-specific needs.
Direct Presidential Access for Efficiency
To promote efficiency and ensure high-level coordination, it is essential that this new agency has direct access to the President. This direct line of communication can enhance decision-making, prioritize resources, and increase accountability.
Conclusion
The proposal to establish a Ministry of Livestock Development in Nigeria raises important questions about governance, efficiency, and resource allocation. While the livestock sector holds significant potential for economic diversification and growth, the creation of a new ministry might not be the most effective solution. A more targeted approach, leveraging existing structures and enhancing coordination, could better serve the country’s needs. Establishing a dedicated agency within the Ministry of Agriculture, with direct access to the President, can ensure focused attention, efficient resource use, and strategic policy interventions, ultimately fostering sustainable development in the livestock sector.
References:
1. Land Use Act of 1978. Nigerian Legal Framework.
2. Oluwatobi, A., & Abimbola, S. (2022). Federal and State Land Management Conflicts in Nigeria. Journal of Nigerian Law and Policy.
3. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) Annual Report, 2023.
4. Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) Report, 2022.
5. Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Employment Data, 2023.
6. Alabi, T. (2015). Federalism and Nigeria’s National Question. Nigerian Political Science Review.
7. Olusola, O. (2010). The Impact of Yar’Adua’s Amnesty Policy on Niger Delta Stability. African Peace Journal.
Toba Alabi is Professor of Political Science and Defence Studies. (08036787582)
Written on 12 July, 2024.
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